/*
 * Copyright (c) 2009, The MilkyTracker Team.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * - Neither the name of the <ORGANIZATION> nor the names of its contributors
 *   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *   without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
*MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
*ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
* CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
* WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
* /

/*
 * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
 * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
 *
 * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
 * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
 * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
 * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
 * license above.
 */

/** @file
   @brief The PortAudio API.
 */


#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
{
#endif /* __cplusplus */


/** Retrieve the release number of the currently running PortAudio build,
   eg 1900.
 */
int Pa_GetVersion(void);


/** Retrieve a textual description of the current PortAudio build,
   eg "PortAudio V19-devel 13 October 2002".
 */
const char * Pa_GetVersionText(void);


/** Error codes returned by PortAudio functions.
   Note that with the exception of paNoError, all PaErrorCodes are negative.
 */

typedef int PaError;
typedef enum PaErrorCode
{
    paNoError = 0,

    paNotInitialized = -10000,
    paUnanticipatedHostError,
    paInvalidChannelCount,
    paInvalidSampleRate,
    paInvalidDevice,
    paInvalidFlag,
    paSampleFormatNotSupported,
    paBadIODeviceCombination,
    paInsufficientMemory,
    paBufferTooBig,
    paBufferTooSmall,
    paNullCallback,
    paBadStreamPtr,
    paTimedOut,
    paInternalError,
    paDeviceUnavailable,
    paIncompatibleHostApiSpecificStreamInfo,
    paStreamIsStopped,
    paStreamIsNotStopped,
    paInputOverflowed,
    paOutputUnderflowed,
    paHostApiNotFound,
    paInvalidHostApi,
    paCanNotReadFromACallbackStream,      /**< @todo review error code name */
    paCanNotWriteToACallbackStream,       /**< @todo review error code name */
    paCanNotReadFromAnOutputOnlyStream,   /**< @todo review error code name */
    paCanNotWriteToAnInputOnlyStream,     /**< @todo review error code name */
    paIncompatibleStreamHostApi,
    paBadBufferPtr
} PaErrorCode;


/** Translate the supplied PortAudio error code into a human readable
   message.
 */
const char * Pa_GetErrorText(PaError errorCode);


/** Library initialization function - call this before using PortAudio.
   This function initialises internal data structures and prepares underlying
   host APIs for use.  With the exception of Pa_GetVersion(), Pa_GetVersionText(),
   and Pa_GetErrorText(), this function MUST be called before using any other
   PortAudio API functions.

   If Pa_Initialize() is called multiple times, each successful
   call must be matched with a corresponding call to Pa_Terminate().
   Pairs of calls to Pa_Initialize()/Pa_Terminate() may overlap, and are not
   required to be fully nested.

   Note that if Pa_Initialize() returns an error code, Pa_Terminate() should
   NOT be called.

   @return paNoError if successful, otherwise an error code indicating the cause
   of failure.

   @see Pa_Terminate
 */
PaError Pa_Initialize(void);


/** Library termination function - call this when finished using PortAudio.
   This function deallocates all resources allocated by PortAudio since it was
   initializied by a call to Pa_Initialize(). In cases where Pa_Initialise() has
   been called multiple times, each call must be matched with a corresponding call
   to Pa_Terminate(). The final matching call to Pa_Terminate() will automatically
   close any PortAudio streams that are still open.

   Pa_Terminate() MUST be called before exiting a program which uses PortAudio.
   Failure to do so may result in serious resource leaks, such as audio devices
   not being available until the next reboot.

   @return paNoError if successful, otherwise an error code indicating the cause
   of failure.

   @see Pa_Initialize
 */
PaError Pa_Terminate(void);



/** The type used to refer to audio devices. Values of this type usually
   range from 0 to (Pa_GetDeviceCount()-1), and may also take on the PaNoDevice
   and paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification values.

   @see Pa_GetDeviceCount, paNoDevice, paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification
 */
typedef int PaDeviceIndex;


/** A special PaDeviceIndex value indicating that no device is available,
   or should be used.

   @see PaDeviceIndex
 */
#define paNoDevice ((PaDeviceIndex) - 1)


/** A special PaDeviceIndex value indicating that the device(s) to be used
   are specified in the host api specific stream info structure.

   @see PaDeviceIndex
 */
#define paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification ((PaDeviceIndex) - 2)


/* Host API enumeration mechanism */

/** The type used to enumerate to host APIs at runtime. Values of this type
   range from 0 to (Pa_GetHostApiCount()-1).

   @see Pa_GetHostApiCount
 */
typedef int PaHostApiIndex;


/** Retrieve the number of available host APIs. Even if a host API is
   available it may have no devices available.

   @return A non-negative value indicating the number of available host APIs
   or, a PaErrorCode (which are always negative) if PortAudio is not initialized
   or an error is encountered.

   @see PaHostApiIndex
 */
PaHostApiIndex Pa_GetHostApiCount(void);


/** Retrieve the index of the default host API. The default host API will be
   the lowest common denominator host API on the current platform and is
   unlikely to provide the best performance.

   @return A non-negative value ranging from 0 to (Pa_GetHostApiCount()-1)
   indicating the default host API index or, a PaErrorCode (which are always
   negative) if PortAudio is not initialized or an error is encountered.
 */
PaHostApiIndex Pa_GetDefaultHostApi(void);


/** Unchanging unique identifiers for each supported host API. This type
   is used in the PaHostApiInfo structure. The values are guaranteed to be
   unique and to never change, thus allowing code to be written that
   conditionally uses host API specific extensions.

   New type ids will be allocated when support for a host API reaches
   "public alpha" status, prior to that developers should use the
   paInDevelopment type id.

   @see PaHostApiInfo
 */
typedef enum PaHostApiTypeId
{
    paInDevelopment = 0, /* use while developing support for a new host API */
    paDirectSound = 1,
    paMME = 2,
    paASIO = 3,
    paSoundManager = 4,
    paCoreAudio = 5,
    paOSS = 7,
    paALSA = 8,
    paAL = 9,
    paBeOS = 10,
    paWDMKS = 11,
    paJACK = 12,
    paWASAPI = 13,
    paAudioScienceHPI = 14
} PaHostApiTypeId;


/** A structure containing information about a particular host API. */

typedef struct PaHostApiInfo
{
    /** this is struct version 1 */
    int structVersion;
    /** The well known unique identifier of this host API @see PaHostApiTypeId */
    PaHostApiTypeId type;
    /** A textual description of the host API for display on user interfaces. */
    const char* name;

    /**  The number of devices belonging to this host API. This field may be
       used in conjunction with Pa_HostApiDeviceIndexToDeviceIndex() to enumerate
       all devices for this host API.
       @see Pa_HostApiDeviceIndexToDeviceIndex
     */
    int deviceCount;

    /** The default input device for this host API. The value will be a
       device index ranging from 0 to (Pa_GetDeviceCount()-1), or paNoDevice
       if no default input device is available.
     */
    PaDeviceIndex defaultInputDevice;

    /** The default output device for this host API. The value will be a
       device index ranging from 0 to (Pa_GetDeviceCount()-1), or paNoDevice
       if no default output device is available.
     */
    PaDeviceIndex defaultOutputDevice;

} PaHostApiInfo;


/** Retrieve a pointer to a structure containing information about a specific
   host Api.

   @param hostApi A valid host API index ranging from 0 to (Pa_GetHostApiCount()-1)

   @return A pointer to an immutable PaHostApiInfo structure describing
   a specific host API. If the hostApi parameter is out of range or an error
   is encountered, the function returns NULL.

   The returned structure is owned by the PortAudio implementation and must not
   be manipulated or freed. The pointer is only guaranteed to be valid between
   calls to Pa_Initialize() and Pa_Terminate().
 */
const PaHostApiInfo * Pa_GetHostApiInfo(PaHostApiIndex hostApi);


/** Convert a static host API unique identifier, into a runtime
   host API index.

   @param type A unique host API identifier belonging to the PaHostApiTypeId
   enumeration.

   @return A valid PaHostApiIndex ranging from 0 to (Pa_GetHostApiCount()-1) or,
   a PaErrorCode (which are always negative) if PortAudio is not initialized
   or an error is encountered.

   The paHostApiNotFound error code indicates that the host API specified by the
   type parameter is not available.

   @see PaHostApiTypeId
 */
PaHostApiIndex Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex(PaHostApiTypeId type);


/** Convert a host-API-specific device index to standard PortAudio device index.
   This function may be used in conjunction with the deviceCount field of
   PaHostApiInfo to enumerate all devices for the specified host API.

   @param hostApi A valid host API index ranging from 0 to (Pa_GetHostApiCount()-1)

   @param hostApiDeviceIndex A valid per-host device index in the range
   0 to (Pa_GetHostApiInfo(hostApi)->deviceCount-1)

   @return A non-negative PaDeviceIndex ranging from 0 to (Pa_GetDeviceCount()-1)
   or, a PaErrorCode (which are always negative) if PortAudio is not initialized
   or an error is encountered.

   A paInvalidHostApi error code indicates that the host API index specified by
   the hostApi parameter is out of range.

   A paInvalidDevice error code indicates that the hostApiDeviceIndex parameter
   is out of range.

   @see PaHostApiInfo
 */
PaDeviceIndex Pa_HostApiDeviceIndexToDeviceIndex(PaHostApiIndex hostApi,
                                                 int hostApiDeviceIndex);



/** Structure used to return information about a host error condition.
 */
typedef struct PaHostErrorInfo
{
    PaHostApiTypeId hostApiType;    /**< the host API which returned the error code */
    long errorCode;                 /**< the error code returned */
    const char* errorText;          /**< a textual description of the error if available, otherwise a zero-length string */
} PaHostErrorInfo;


/** Return information about the last host error encountered. The error
   information returned by Pa_GetLastHostErrorInfo() will never be modified
   asyncronously by errors occurring in other PortAudio owned threads
   (such as the thread that manages the stream callback.)

   This function is provided as a last resort, primarily to enhance debugging
   by providing clients with access to all available error information.

   @return A pointer to an immutable structure constaining information about
   the host error. The values in this structure will only be valid if a
   PortAudio function has previously returned the paUnanticipatedHostError
   error code.
 */
const PaHostErrorInfo * Pa_GetLastHostErrorInfo(void);



/* Device enumeration and capabilities */

/** Retrieve the number of available devices. The number of available devices
   may be zero.

   @return A non-negative value indicating the number of available devices or,
   a PaErrorCode (which are always negative) if PortAudio is not initialized
   or an error is encountered.
 */
PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDeviceCount(void);


/** Retrieve the index of the default input device. The result can be
   used in the inputDevice parameter to Pa_OpenStream().

   @return The default input device index for the default host API, or paNoDevice
   if no default input device is available or an error was encountered.
 */
PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice(void);


/** Retrieve the index of the default output device. The result can be
   used in the outputDevice parameter to Pa_OpenStream().

   @return The default output device index for the defualt host API, or paNoDevice
   if no default output device is available or an error was encountered.

   @note
   On the PC, the user can specify a default device by
   setting an environment variable. For example, to use device #1.
   <pre>
   set PA_RECOMMENDED_OUTPUT_DEVICE=1
   </pre>
   The user should first determine the available device ids by using
   the supplied application "pa_devs".
 */
PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice(void);


/** The type used to represent monotonic time in seconds that can be used
   for syncronisation. The type is used for the outTime argument to the
   PaStreamCallback and as the result of Pa_GetStreamTime().

   @see PaStreamCallback, Pa_GetStreamTime
 */
typedef double PaTime;


/** A type used to specify one or more sample formats. Each value indicates
   a possible format for sound data passed to and from the stream callback,
   Pa_ReadStream and Pa_WriteStream.

   The standard formats paFloat32, paInt16, paInt32, paInt24, paInt8
   and aUInt8 are usually implemented by all implementations.

   The floating point representation (paFloat32) uses +1.0 and -1.0 as the
   maximum and minimum respectively.

   paUInt8 is an unsigned 8 bit format where 128 is considered "ground"

   The paNonInterleaved flag indicates that a multichannel buffer is passed
   as a set of non-interleaved pointers.

   @see Pa_OpenStream, Pa_OpenDefaultStream, PaDeviceInfo
   @see paFloat32, paInt16, paInt32, paInt24, paInt8
   @see paUInt8, paCustomFormat, paNonInterleaved
 */
typedef unsigned long PaSampleFormat;


#define paFloat32 ((PaSampleFormat)0x00000001)         /**< @see PaSampleFormat */
#define paInt32 ((PaSampleFormat)0x00000002)           /**< @see PaSampleFormat */
#define paInt24 ((PaSampleFormat)0x00000004)           /**< Packed 24 bit format. @see PaSampleFormat */
#define paInt16 ((PaSampleFormat)0x00000008)           /**< @see PaSampleFormat */
#define paInt8 ((PaSampleFormat)0x00000010)            /**< @see PaSampleFormat */
#define paUInt8 ((PaSampleFormat)0x00000020)           /**< @see PaSampleFormat */
#define paCustomFormat ((PaSampleFormat)0x00010000)   /**< @see PaSampleFormat */

#define paNonInterleaved ((PaSampleFormat)0x80000000)

/** A structure providing information and capabilities of PortAudio devices.
   Devices may support input, output or both input and output.
 */
typedef struct PaDeviceInfo
{
    int structVersion;  /* this is struct version 2 */
    const char* name;
    PaHostApiIndex hostApi; /* note this is a host API index, not a type id*/

    int maxInputChannels;
    int maxOutputChannels;

    /* Default latency values for interactive performance. */
    PaTime defaultLowInputLatency;
    PaTime defaultLowOutputLatency;
    /* Default latency values for robust non-interactive applications (eg. playing sound files). */
    PaTime defaultHighInputLatency;
    PaTime defaultHighOutputLatency;

    double defaultSampleRate;
} PaDeviceInfo;


/** Retrieve a pointer to a PaDeviceInfo structure containing information
   about the specified device.
   @return A pointer to an immutable PaDeviceInfo structure. If the device
   parameter is out of range the function returns NULL.

   @param device A valid device index in the range 0 to (Pa_GetDeviceCount()-1)

   @note PortAudio manages the memory referenced by the returned pointer,
   the client must not manipulate or free the memory. The pointer is only
   guaranteed to be valid between calls to Pa_Initialize() and Pa_Terminate().

   @see PaDeviceInfo, PaDeviceIndex
 */
const PaDeviceInfo * Pa_GetDeviceInfo(PaDeviceIndex device);


/** Parameters for one direction (input or output) of a stream.
 */
typedef struct PaStreamParameters
{
    /** A valid device index in the range 0 to (Pa_GetDeviceCount()-1)
       specifying the device to be used or the special constant
       paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification which indicates that the actual
       device(s) to use are specified in hostApiSpecificStreamInfo.
       This field must not be set to paNoDevice.
     */
    PaDeviceIndex device;

    /** The number of channels of sound to be delivered to the
       stream callback or accessed by Pa_ReadStream() or Pa_WriteStream().
       It can range from 1 to the value of maxInputChannels in the
       PaDeviceInfo record for the device specified by the device parameter.
     */
    int channelCount;

    /** The sample format of the buffer provided to the stream callback,
       a_ReadStream() or Pa_WriteStream(). It may be any of the formats described
       by the PaSampleFormat enumeration.
     */
    PaSampleFormat sampleFormat;

    /** The desired latency in seconds. Where practical, implementations should
       configure their latency based on these parameters, otherwise they may
       choose the closest viable latency instead. Unless the suggested latency
       is greater than the absolute upper limit for the device implementations
       should round the suggestedLatency up to the next practial value - ie to
       provide an equal or higher latency than suggestedLatency wherever possibe.
       Actual latency values for an open stream may be retrieved using the
       inputLatency and outputLatency fields of the PaStreamInfo structure
       returned by Pa_GetStreamInfo().
       @see default*Latency in PaDeviceInfo, *Latency in PaStreamInfo
     */
    PaTime suggestedLatency;

    /** An optional pointer to a host api specific data structure
       containing additional information for device setup and/or stream processing.
       hostApiSpecificStreamInfo is never required for correct operation,
       if not used it should be set to NULL.
     */
    void* hostApiSpecificStreamInfo;

} PaStreamParameters;


/** Return code for Pa_IsFormatSupported indicating success. */
#define paFormatIsSupported (0)

/** Determine whether it would be possible to open a stream with the specified
   parameters.

   @param inputParameters A structure that describes the input parameters used to
   open a stream. The suggestedLatency field is ignored. See PaStreamParameters
   for a description of these parameters. inputParameters must be NULL for
   output-only streams.

   @param outputParameters A structure that describes the output parameters used
   to open a stream. The suggestedLatency field is ignored. See PaStreamParameters
   for a description of these parameters. outputParameters must be NULL for
   input-only streams.

   @param sampleRate The required sampleRate. For full-duplex streams it is the
   sample rate for both input and output

   @return Returns 0 if the format is supported, and an error code indicating why
   the format is not supported otherwise. The constant paFormatIsSupported is
   provided to compare with the return value for success.

   @see paFormatIsSupported, PaStreamParameters
 */
PaError Pa_IsFormatSupported(const PaStreamParameters* inputParameters,
                             const PaStreamParameters* outputParameters,
                             double sampleRate);



/* Streaming types and functions */


/**
   A single PaStream can provide multiple channels of real-time
   streaming audio input and output to a client application. A stream
   provides access to audio hardware represented by one or more
   PaDevices. Depending on the underlying Host API, it may be possible
   to open multiple streams using the same device, however this behavior
   is implementation defined. Portable applications should assume that
   a PaDevice may be simultaneously used by at most one PaStream.

   Pointers to PaStream objects are passed between PortAudio functions that
   operate on streams.

   @see Pa_OpenStream, Pa_OpenDefaultStream, Pa_OpenDefaultStream, Pa_CloseStream,
   Pa_StartStream, Pa_StopStream, Pa_AbortStream, Pa_IsStreamActive,
   Pa_GetStreamTime, Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad

 */
typedef void PaStream;


/** Can be passed as the framesPerBuffer parameter to Pa_OpenStream()
   or Pa_OpenDefaultStream() to indicate that the stream callback will
   accept buffers of any size.
 */
#define paFramesPerBufferUnspecified (0)


/** Flags used to control the behavior of a stream. They are passed as
   parameters to Pa_OpenStream or Pa_OpenDefaultStream. Multiple flags may be
   ORed together.

   @see Pa_OpenStream, Pa_OpenDefaultStream
   @see paNoFlag, paClipOff, paDitherOff, paNeverDropInput,
   paPrimeOutputBuffersUsingStreamCallback, paPlatformSpecificFlags
 */
typedef unsigned long PaStreamFlags;

/** @see PaStreamFlags */
#define   paNoFlag ((PaStreamFlags)0)

/** Disable default clipping of out of range samples.
   @see PaStreamFlags
 */
#define   paClipOff ((PaStreamFlags)0x00000001)

/** Disable default dithering.
   @see PaStreamFlags
 */
#define   paDitherOff ((PaStreamFlags)0x00000002)

/** Flag requests that where possible a full duplex stream will not discard
   overflowed input samples without calling the stream callback. This flag is
   only valid for full duplex callback streams and only when used in combination
   with the paFramesPerBufferUnspecified (0) framesPerBuffer parameter. Using
   this flag incorrectly results in a paInvalidFlag error being returned from
   Pa_OpenStream and Pa_OpenDefaultStream.

   @see PaStreamFlags, paFramesPerBufferUnspecified
 */
#define   paNeverDropInput ((PaStreamFlags)0x00000004)

/** Call the stream callback to fill initial output buffers, rather than the
   default behavior of priming the buffers with zeros (silence). This flag has
   no effect for input-only and blocking read/write streams.

   @see PaStreamFlags
 */
#define   paPrimeOutputBuffersUsingStreamCallback ((PaStreamFlags)0x00000008)

/** A mask specifying the platform specific bits.
   @see PaStreamFlags
 */
#define   paPlatformSpecificFlags ((PaStreamFlags)0xFFFF0000)

/**
   Timing information for the buffers passed to the stream callback.
 */
typedef struct PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo
{
    PaTime inputBufferAdcTime;
    PaTime currentTime;
    PaTime outputBufferDacTime;
} PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo;


/**
   Flag bit constants for the statusFlags to PaStreamCallback.

   @see paInputUnderflow, paInputOverflow, paOutputUnderflow, paOutputOverflow,
   paPrimingOutput
 */
typedef unsigned long PaStreamCallbackFlags;

/** In a stream opened with paFramesPerBufferUnspecified, indicates that
   input data is all silence (zeros) because no real data is available. In a
   stream opened without paFramesPerBufferUnspecified, it indicates that one or
   more zero samples have been inserted into the input buffer to compensate
   for an input underflow.
   @see PaStreamCallbackFlags
 */
#define paInputUnderflow ((PaStreamCallbackFlags)0x00000001)

/** In a stream opened with paFramesPerBufferUnspecified, indicates that data
   prior to the first sample of the input buffer was discarded due to an
   overflow, possibly because the stream callback is using too much CPU time.
   Otherwise indicates that data prior to one or more samples in the
   input buffer was discarded.
   @see PaStreamCallbackFlags
 */
#define paInputOverflow ((PaStreamCallbackFlags)0x00000002)

/** Indicates that output data (or a gap) was inserted, possibly because the
   stream callback is using too much CPU time.
   @see PaStreamCallbackFlags
 */
#define paOutputUnderflow ((PaStreamCallbackFlags)0x00000004)

/** Indicates that output data will be discarded because no room is available.
   @see PaStreamCallbackFlags
 */
#define paOutputOverflow ((PaStreamCallbackFlags)0x00000008)

/** Some of all of the output data will be used to prime the stream, input
   data may be zero.
   @see PaStreamCallbackFlags
 */
#define paPrimingOutput ((PaStreamCallbackFlags)0x00000010)

/**
   Allowable return values for the PaStreamCallback.
   @see PaStreamCallback
 */
typedef enum PaStreamCallbackResult
{
    paContinue = 0,
    paComplete = 1,
    paAbort = 2
} PaStreamCallbackResult;


/**
   Functions of type PaStreamCallback are implemented by PortAudio clients.
   They consume, process or generate audio in response to requests from an
   active PortAudio stream.

   @param input and @param output are arrays of interleaved samples,
   the format, packing and number of channels used by the buffers are
   determined by parameters to Pa_OpenStream().

   @param frameCount The number of sample frames to be processed by
   the stream callback.

   @param timeInfo The time in seconds when the first sample of the input
   buffer was received at the audio input, the time in seconds when the first
   sample of the output buffer will begin being played at the audio output, and
   the time in seconds when the stream callback was called.
   See also Pa_GetStreamTime()

   @param statusFlags Flags indicating whether input and/or output buffers
   have been inserted or will be dropped to overcome underflow or overflow
   conditions.

   @param userData The value of a user supplied pointer passed to
   Pa_OpenStream() intended for storing synthesis data etc.

   @return
   The stream callback should return one of the values in the
   PaStreamCallbackResult enumeration. To ensure that the callback continues
   to be called, it should return paContinue (0). Either paComplete or paAbort
   can be returned to finish stream processing, after either of these values is
   returned the callback will not be called again. If paAbort is returned the
   stream will finish as soon as possible. If paComplete is returned, the stream
   will continue until all buffers generated by the callback have been played.
   This may be useful in applications such as soundfile players where a specific
   duration of output is required. However, it is not necessary to utilise this
   mechanism as Pa_StopStream(), Pa_AbortStream() or Pa_CloseStream() can also
   be used to stop the stream. The callback must always fill the entire output
   buffer irrespective of its return value.

   @see Pa_OpenStream, Pa_OpenDefaultStream

   @note With the exception of Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad() it is not permissable to call
   PortAudio API functions from within the stream callback.
 */
typedef int PaStreamCallback (
    const void* input, void* output,
    unsigned long frameCount,
    const PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo * timeInfo,
    PaStreamCallbackFlags statusFlags,
    void* userData);


/** Opens a stream for either input, output or both.

   @param stream The address of a PaStream pointer which will receive
   a pointer to the newly opened stream.

   @param inputParameters A structure that describes the input parameters used by
   the opened stream. See PaStreamParameters for a description of these parameters.
   inputParameters must be NULL for output-only streams.

   @param outputParameters A structure that describes the output parameters used by
   the opened stream. See PaStreamParameters for a description of these parameters.
   outputParameters must be NULL for input-only streams.

   @param sampleRate The desired sampleRate. For full-duplex streams it is the
   sample rate for both input and output

   @param framesPerBuffer The number of frames passed to the stream callback
   function, or the preferred block granularity for a blocking read/write stream.
   The special value paFramesPerBufferUnspecified (0) may be used to request that
   the stream callback will recieve an optimal (and possibly varying) number of
   frames based on host requirements and the requested latency settings.
   Note: With some host APIs, the use of non-zero framesPerBuffer for a callback
   stream may introduce an additional layer of buffering which could introduce
   additional latency. PortAudio guarantees that the additional latency
   will be kept to the theoretical minimum however, it is strongly recommended
   that a non-zero framesPerBuffer value only be used when your algorithm
   requires a fixed number of frames per stream callback.

   @param streamFlags Flags which modify the behaviour of the streaming process.
   This parameter may contain a combination of flags ORed together. Some flags may
   only be relevant to certain buffer formats.

   @param streamCallback A pointer to a client supplied function that is responsible
   for processing and filling input and output buffers. If this parameter is NULL
   the stream will be opened in 'blocking read/write' mode. In blocking mode,
   the client can receive sample data using Pa_ReadStream and write sample data
   using Pa_WriteStream, the number of samples that may be read or written
   without blocking is returned by Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable and
   Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable respectively.

   @param userData A client supplied pointer which is passed to the stream callback
   function. It could for example, contain a pointer to instance data necessary
   for processing the audio buffers. This parameter is ignored if streamCallback
   is NULL.

   @return
   Upon success Pa_OpenStream() returns paNoError and places a pointer to a
   valid PaStream in the stream argument. The stream is inactive (stopped).
   If a call to Pa_OpenStream() fails, a non-zero error code is returned (see
   PaError for possible error codes) and the value of stream is invalid.

   @see PaStreamParameters, PaStreamCallback, Pa_ReadStream, Pa_WriteStream,
   Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable, Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable
 */
PaError Pa_OpenStream(PaStream** stream,
                      const PaStreamParameters* inputParameters,
                      const PaStreamParameters* outputParameters,
                      double sampleRate,
                      unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
                      PaStreamFlags streamFlags,
                      PaStreamCallback* streamCallback,
                      void* userData);


/** A simplified version of Pa_OpenStream() that opens the default input
   and/or output devices.

   @param stream The address of a PaStream pointer which will receive
   a pointer to the newly opened stream.

   @param numInputChannels  The number of channels of sound that will be supplied
   to the stream callback or returned by Pa_ReadStream. It can range from 1 to
   the value of maxInputChannels in the PaDeviceInfo record for the default input
   device. If 0 the stream is opened as an output-only stream.

   @param numOutputChannels The number of channels of sound to be delivered to the
   stream callback or passed to Pa_WriteStream. It can range from 1 to the value
   of maxOutputChannels in the PaDeviceInfo record for the default output dvice.
   If 0 the stream is opened as an output-only stream.

   @param sampleFormat The sample format of both the input and output buffers
   provided to the callback or passed to and from Pa_ReadStream and Pa_WriteStream.
   sampleFormat may be any of the formats described by the PaSampleFormat
   enumeration.

   @param sampleRate Same as Pa_OpenStream parameter of the same name.
   @param framesPerBuffer Same as Pa_OpenStream parameter of the same name.
   @param streamCallback Same as Pa_OpenStream parameter of the same name.
   @param userData Same as Pa_OpenStream parameter of the same name.

   @return As for Pa_OpenStream

   @see Pa_OpenStream, PaStreamCallback
 */
PaError Pa_OpenDefaultStream(PaStream** stream,
                             int numInputChannels,
                             int numOutputChannels,
                             PaSampleFormat sampleFormat,
                             double sampleRate,
                             unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
                             PaStreamCallback* streamCallback,
                             void* userData);


/** Closes an audio stream. If the audio stream is active it
   discards any pending buffers as if Pa_AbortStream() had been called.
 */
PaError Pa_CloseStream(PaStream* stream);


/** Functions of type PaStreamFinishedCallback are implemented by PortAudio
   clients. They can be registered with a stream using the Pa_SetStreamFinishedCallback
   function. Once registered they are called when the stream becomes inactive
   (ie once a call to Pa_StopStream() will not block).
   A stream will become inactive after the stream callback returns non-zero,
   or when Pa_StopStream or Pa_AbortStream is called. For a stream providing audio
   output, if the stream callback returns paComplete, or Pa_StopStream is called,
   the stream finished callback will not be called until all generated sample data
   has been played.

   @param userData The userData parameter supplied to Pa_OpenStream()

   @see Pa_SetStreamFinishedCallback
 */
typedef void PaStreamFinishedCallback (void* userData);


/** Register a stream finished callback function which will be called when the
   stream becomes inactive. See the description of PaStreamFinishedCallback for
   further details about when the callback will be called.

   @param stream a pointer to a PaStream that is in the stopped state - if the
   stream is not stopped, the stream's finished callback will remain unchanged
   and an error code will be returned.

   @param streamFinishedCallback a pointer to a function with the same signature
   as PaStreamFinishedCallback, that will be called when the stream becomes
   inactive. Passing NULL for this parameter will un-register a previously
   registered stream finished callback function.

   @return on success returns paNoError, otherwise an error code indicating the cause
   of the error.

   @see PaStreamFinishedCallback
 */
PaError Pa_SetStreamFinishedCallback(PaStream* stream, PaStreamFinishedCallback* streamFinishedCallback);


/** Commences audio processing.
 */
PaError Pa_StartStream(PaStream* stream);


/** Terminates audio processing. It waits until all pending
   audio buffers have been played before it returns.
 */
PaError Pa_StopStream(PaStream* stream);


/** Terminates audio processing immediately without waiting for pending
   buffers to complete.
 */
PaError Pa_AbortStream(PaStream* stream);


/** Determine whether the stream is stopped.
   A stream is considered to be stopped prior to a successful call to
   Pa_StartStream and after a successful call to Pa_StopStream or Pa_AbortStream.
   If a stream callback returns a value other than paContinue the stream is NOT
   considered to be stopped.

   @return Returns one (1) when the stream is stopped, zero (0) when
   the stream is running or, a PaErrorCode (which are always negative) if
   PortAudio is not initialized or an error is encountered.

   @see Pa_StopStream, Pa_AbortStream, Pa_IsStreamActive
 */
PaError Pa_IsStreamStopped(PaStream* stream);


/** Determine whether the stream is active.
   A stream is active after a successful call to Pa_StartStream(), until it
   becomes inactive either as a result of a call to Pa_StopStream() or
   Pa_AbortStream(), or as a result of a return value other than paContinue from
   the stream callback. In the latter case, the stream is considered inactive
   after the last buffer has finished playing.

   @return Returns one (1) when the stream is active (ie playing or recording
   audio), zero (0) when not playing or, a PaErrorCode (which are always negative)
   if PortAudio is not initialized or an error is encountered.

   @see Pa_StopStream, Pa_AbortStream, Pa_IsStreamStopped
 */
PaError Pa_IsStreamActive(PaStream* stream);



/** A structure containing unchanging information about an open stream.
   @see Pa_GetStreamInfo
 */

typedef struct PaStreamInfo
{
    /** this is struct version 1 */
    int structVersion;

    /** The input latency of the stream in seconds. This value provides the most
       accurate estimate of input latency available to the implementation. It may
       differ significantly from the suggestedLatency value passed to Pa_OpenStream().
       The value of this field will be zero (0.) for output-only streams.
       @see PaTime
     */
    PaTime inputLatency;

    /** The output latency of the stream in seconds. This value provides the most
       accurate estimate of output latency available to the implementation. It may
       differ significantly from the suggestedLatency value passed to Pa_OpenStream().
       The value of this field will be zero (0.) for input-only streams.
       @see PaTime
     */
    PaTime outputLatency;

    /** The sample rate of the stream in Hertz (samples per second). In cases
       where the hardware sample rate is inaccurate and PortAudio is aware of it,
       the value of this field may be different from the sampleRate parameter
       passed to Pa_OpenStream(). If information about the actual hardware sample
       rate is not available, this field will have the same value as the sampleRate
       parameter passed to Pa_OpenStream().
     */
    double sampleRate;

} PaStreamInfo;


/** Retrieve a pointer to a PaStreamInfo structure containing information
   about the specified stream.
   @return A pointer to an immutable PaStreamInfo structure. If the stream
   parameter invalid, or an error is encountered, the function returns NULL.

   @param stream A pointer to an open stream previously created with Pa_OpenStream.

   @note PortAudio manages the memory referenced by the returned pointer,
   the client must not manipulate or free the memory. The pointer is only
   guaranteed to be valid until the specified stream is closed.

   @see PaStreamInfo
 */
const PaStreamInfo * Pa_GetStreamInfo(PaStream* stream);


/** Determine the current time for the stream according to the same clock used
   to generate buffer timestamps. This time may be used for syncronising other
   events to the audio stream, for example synchronizing audio to MIDI.

   @return The stream's current time in seconds, or 0 if an error occurred.

   @see PaTime, PaStreamCallback
 */
PaTime Pa_GetStreamTime(PaStream* stream);


/** Retrieve CPU usage information for the specified stream.
   The "CPU Load" is a fraction of total CPU time consumed by a callback stream's
   audio processing routines including, but not limited to the client supplied
   stream callback. This function does not work with blocking read/write streams.

   This function may be called from the stream callback function or the
   application.

   @return
   A floating point value, typically between 0.0 and 1.0, where 1.0 indicates
   that the stream callback is consuming the maximum number of CPU cycles possible
   to maintain real-time operation. A value of 0.5 would imply that PortAudio and
   the stream callback was consuming roughly 50% of the available CPU time. The
   return value may exceed 1.0. A value of 0.0 will always be returned for a
   blocking read/write stream, or if an error occurrs.
 */
double Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad(PaStream* stream);


/** Read samples from an input stream. The function doesn't return until
   the entire buffer has been filled - this may involve waiting for the operating
   system to supply the data.

   @param stream A pointer to an open stream previously created with Pa_OpenStream.

   @param buffer A pointer to a buffer of sample frames. The buffer contains
   samples in the format specified by the inputParameters->sampleFormat field
   used to open the stream, and the number of channels specified by
   inputParameters->numChannels. If non-interleaved samples were requested,
   buffer is a pointer to the first element of an array of non-interleaved
   buffer pointers, one for each channel.

   @param frames The number of frames to be read into buffer. This parameter
   is not constrained to a specific range, however high performance applications
   will want to match this parameter to the framesPerBuffer parameter used
   when opening the stream.

   @return On success PaNoError will be returned, or PaInputOverflowed if input
   data was discarded by PortAudio after the previous call and before this call.
 */
PaError Pa_ReadStream(PaStream* stream,
                      void* buffer,
                      unsigned long frames);


/** Write samples to an output stream. This function doesn't return until the
   entire buffer has been consumed - this may involve waiting for the operating
   system to consume the data.

   @param stream A pointer to an open stream previously created with Pa_OpenStream.

   @param buffer A pointer to a buffer of sample frames. The buffer contains
   samples in the format specified by the outputParameters->sampleFormat field
   used to open the stream, and the number of channels specified by
   outputParameters->numChannels. If non-interleaved samples were requested,
   buffer is a pointer to the first element of an array of non-interleaved
   buffer pointers, one for each channel.

   @param frames The number of frames to be written from buffer. This parameter
   is not constrained to a specific range, however high performance applications
   will want to match this parameter to the framesPerBuffer parameter used
   when opening the stream.

   @return On success PaNoError will be returned, or paOutputUnderflowed if
   additional output data was inserted after the previous call and before this
   call.
 */
PaError Pa_WriteStream(PaStream* stream,
                       const void* buffer,
                       unsigned long frames);


/** Retrieve the number of frames that can be read from the stream without
   waiting.

   @return Returns a non-negative value representing the maximum number of frames
   that can be read from the stream without blocking or busy waiting or, a
   PaErrorCode (which are always negative) if PortAudio is not initialized or an
   error is encountered.
 */
signed long Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable(PaStream* stream);


/** Retrieve the number of frames that can be written to the stream without
   waiting.

   @return Returns a non-negative value representing the maximum number of frames
   that can be written to the stream without blocking or busy waiting or, a
   PaErrorCode (which are always negative) if PortAudio is not initialized or an
   error is encountered.
 */
signed long Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable(PaStream* stream);


/* Miscellaneous utilities */


/** Retrieve the size of a given sample format in bytes.

   @return The size in bytes of a single sample in the specified format,
   or paSampleFormatNotSupported if the format is not supported.
 */
PaError Pa_GetSampleSize(PaSampleFormat format);


/** Put the caller to sleep for at least 'msec' milliseconds. This function is
   provided only as a convenience for authors of portable code (such as the tests
   and examples in the PortAudio distribution.)

   The function may sleep longer than requested so don't rely on this for accurate
   musical timing.
 */
void Pa_Sleep(long msec);



#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif /* __cplusplus */
#endif /* PORTAUDIO_H */